Appropriation of ANE mythology

ANE — Ancient Near East

(work in progress TODO )

• John F. Hobbins' notes about Baal's title of “the Rider of the Clouds” in Ugaritic mythology being disputed in ancient Israel, and appropriated to the praise of Yahweh in Psalm 68 and Deuteronomy 33:26.

• Brother Wilfred Lambert's comments on the ancient myth of Leviathan, brought into the Old Testament.

• Rabbi Shai Held's critique of Robert Alter's translation of the Bible — brief extracts at The Exodus as a New Creation.

• Sea monsters:
  • Psalm 8:1-2

• Rahab

• See the JPS Tanakh footnote and Jewish Study Bible note at Job 3:8 for an indication of how confused these appropriations become when the mythological creatures are no longer believed in.
  — Bruce (talk)

Appropriations of ANE mythology

	Yam	Waters	Tannin	Divine Council	Nahash	El Elyon	Cloud Rider	Rahab / Leviathan	Zaphon	Behemoth	Baal Epic
Genesis 1:1-3	●	●
Genesis 1:20-23			●
Genesis 1:26-27			●	●
Genesis 3:2-7, 11-12, 22-23			●		●
Genesis 14:18-22						●
Exodus 14:21	●
Exodus 20:4		●
Deuteronomy 32:8				●		●
Numbers 24:16						●
Deuteronomy 33:26							●
1 Kings 22:19-23				●
Job 3:8	●		●					●
Job 7:12			●
Job 26:5-14		●			●			●	●
Job 40:15-41:26								●		●
Psalm 8:1-2	●		●
Psalm 65:7-8	●
Psalm 68:4,30-31,34							●			●
Psalm 74:12-23	●		●					●
Psalm 78:35						●
Psalm 82:1-2				●
Psalm 86:8				●
Psalm 87:4	●							●
Psalm 89:5-14				●				●	●
Psalm 92:9-11											●
Psalm 93:1-4	●
Psalm 104:2-3	●						●
Psalm 104:5-9	●	●
Psalm 114:1-8	●
Psalm 148:7			●
Psalm 136:5-6		●
Proverbs 8:22-31	●	●
Isaiah 17:12-14	●
Isaiah 19:1							●
Isaiah 27:1			●		●
Isaiah 30:6-33										●
Isaiah 51:9-10			●
Jeremiah 23:16-22				●
Jeremiah 31:35	●
Jeremiah 51:37			●
Ezekiel 29:3-6			●
Ezekiel 32:2-7			●
Daniel 7:9				●
Daniel 7:13-14							●
Jeremiah 51:34,44
Amos 9:2-3					●			●
Matthew 26:63-64							●
Revelation 12:7-9					●			●		●
2 Esdras 6:47-52								●		●
Sirach 43:23-25	●		●
Prayer of Manasseh 1-4	●		●
Psalms of Solomon 2:29-34			●